What do we mean when we speak of pseudoscience? The development of a demarcation criterion based on the analysis of twenty-one previous attempts
Keywords:
Pseudoscience, Demarcation criterion, Multicriteria
Abstract
A critical analysis of twenty-one demarcation criteria is carried out, obtaining as a result a demarcating tool that allows appropriate screening between science and pseudoscience. After an introduction that will emphasize the scientific and social relevance of the demarcation problem and the need of an adequate approach to face it, the specific problems of multicriterial attempts will be remarked, such as their lack of theoretical foundations and the presence of dispensable and contradictory items. On the basis of this first analysis, a metacriterion, the necessary general requirements for a demarcation criterion, will be established. The data analysis will show a lack of progress among demarcation criteria from 1964 to date, and will provide a demarcation criterion partially based on the items with greater support.
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Fasce, Angelo; Picó, Alfonso (2018c). «Conceptual Foundations and Validation of the Pseudoscientific Belief Scale». Under Review.
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Grove, J. (1985). «Rationality at Risk: Science against Pseudoscience». Minerva 23: 216-240. doi: 10.1007/BF01099943
Gruenberger, Fred (1964). «A measure for crackpots». Science 25: 1413-1415. doi: 10.1126/science.145.3639.1413
Hansson, Sven Ove (1996). «Defining Pseudoscience». Philosophia Naturalis 33: 169-176.
Hansson, Sven Ove (1983). «Vetenskap och ovetenskap». Stockholm: Tiden.
Hansson, Sven Ove (2006). «Falsificationism Falsified». Foundations of Science 11, no. 3: 275-286. doi: 10.1007/s10699-004-5922-1
Hansson, Sven Ove (2007). «Values in Pure and Applied Science». Foundations of Science 12: 257-268. doi: 10.1007/s10699-007-9107-6
Hansson, Sven Ove (2009). «Cutting the Gordian Knot of Demarcation». International Studies in the Philosophy of Science 23, no. 3: 237-243. doi: 10.1080/02698590903196007
Hansson, Sven Ove (2013). Defining pseudoscience and science. In Philosophy of Pseudoscience: Reconsidering the Demarcation Problem, edited by Massimo Pigliucci and Maarten Boudry. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, pp. 61-77. doi: 10.7208/chicago/9780226051826.003.0005
Hansson, Sven Ove (2017a). Science denial as a form of pseudoscience. Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 63: pp. 39-47. doi: 10.1016/j.shpsa.2017.05.002
Hansson, Sven Ove (2017b). «Science and Pseudo-Science». In The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, edited by Edward Zalta. Retrieved from: http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2017/entries/pseudo-science.
Hempel, Carl [1959](1994). «The Logic of Functional Analysis». In Readings in the Philosophy of Social Science, edited by Michael Martin and Lee McIntyre. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
Herbert, James, et al. (2000). «Science and pseudoscience in the development of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing: Implications for clinical psychology». Clinical Psychology Review 20: pp. 945-971. doi: 10.1016/S0272-7358(99)00017-3
Hey, Jody (2001). «The mind of the species problem». Trends Ecol Evol. 16, no. 7: pp. 326-329. doi: 10.1016/S0169-5347(01)02145-0
Irzik, Gürol; Nola, Robert (2011). «A Family Resemblance Approach to the Nature of Science for Science Education». Science & Education 20, no. 7-8: pp. 591-607. doi: 10.1007/s11191-010-9293-4
Johnson, Matthew; Pigliucci, Massimo (2004). «Is Knowledge of Science Associated with Higher Skepticism of Pseudoscientific Claims?». The American Biology Teacher 66, no. 8: pp. 536-548. doi: 10.2307/4451737
Jones, John (2005) «Memorandum opinion». Retrieved from: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/Kitzmiller_v._Dover_Area_School_District.pdf.
Kitcher, Phillip (1982). «Abusing Science: The Case Against Creationism». Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
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Kuhn, Thomas (1977). The essential tension: selected studies in scientific tradition and change. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Lacey, Hugh (2004). Is Science Value Free?: Values and Scientific Understanding. New Jersey: Routledge.
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Published
2017-12-22
How to Cite
[1]
Fasce, A. 2017. What do we mean when we speak of pseudoscience? The development of a demarcation criterion based on the analysis of twenty-one previous attempts. Disputatio. 6, 7 (Dec. 2017), 459-488. DOI:https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1433737.
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