Avances recientes en metafísica: categorías ontológicas y esquemas categoriales
Palabras clave:
Metafísica, Ontología, Teoría de categorías ontológicas, Existencia, Realidad
Resumen
Desde una perspectiva ontológica tradicional, y con la declarada intención de alejarse del relativismo contemporáneo, el presente escrito busca establecer algunos principios básicos para mantener la posición de la metafísica como el estudio sistemático de la realidad como un todo, y de la ontología como la ciencia del ser, sustentada en una teoría de categorías. Estas categorías están diferenciadas por las características distintivas de existencia e identidad de sus respectivos miembros, tomándose como «categorías ontológicas fundamentales» aquellas en donde sus miembros tienen condiciones para estas características de existencia e identidad que no sean especificables en una forma exhaustiva, en términos de dependencia ontológica, entre esos miembros y los miembros de otras categorías ontológicas. Este escrito hace entonces una revisión de las diferentes teorías de categorías ontológicas, y sus respectivas interpretaciones de cuántas y cuáles categorías deben ser reconocidas.
Referencias
Aristotle (1963), Categories and De Interpretatione. Trans. J. L. Ackrill. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Armstrong, D. M. (1983a), Universals: An Opinionated Introduction. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
Armstrong, D. M. (1983b), What is a Law of Nature? Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Armstrong, D. M. (1997), A World of States of Affairs. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Campbell, K. (1990), Abstract Particulars. Oxford: Blackwell, 1990.
Chisholm, R. M. (1992), «The Basic Ontological Categories». In: K. Mulligan (ed.), Language, Truth and Ontology. Dordrecht: Kluwer.
Chisholm, R. M. (1996), A Realistic Theory of Categories: An Essay in Ontology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Davidson, D. (1984), «True to the Facts». In: Inquiries into Truth and Interpretation. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Hoffman, J. and Rosenkrantz, G. S. (1994), Substance Among Other Categories. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Jackson, F. (1998), From Metaphysics to Ethics: A Defence of Conceptual Analysis. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Levinson, J. (1978), «Properties and Related Entities». Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 39, pp. 1-22.
Lowe, E. J. (1989), Kinds of Being: A Study of Individuation, Identity and the Logic of Sortal Terms. Oxford: Blackwell.
Lowe, E. J. (1998), The Possibility of Metaphysics: Substance, Identity, and Time. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Lowe, E. J. (2000), «Locke, Martin and Substance». Philosophical Quarterly 50, pp. 499-514.
Lowe, E. J. (2001), «Dispositions and Laws». Metaphysica 2, pp. 5-23.
Lowe, E. J. (2002a), «A Defence of the Four-Category Ontology». In: C. U. Moulines & K. G. Niebergall (eds.), Argument und Analyse. Paderborn: Mentis, pp. 225-40.
Lowe, E. J. (2002b), «Kinds, Essence, and Natural Necessity». In: A. Bottani, M. Carrara & P. Giaretta (eds.), Individuals, Essence and Identity: Themes of Analytic Metaphysics. Dordrecht: Kluwer, pp. 189-206.
Lowe, E. J. (2002c), «Metaphysical Nihilism and the Subtraction Argument». Analysis 62, pp. 62-73.
Lowe, E. J. (2002d), «Properties, Modes, and Universals», The Modern Schoolman 74, 137-150.
Lowe, E. J. (2002e), A Survey of Metaphysics. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Lowe, E. J. (2003), «Individuation». In: M. J. Loux and D. W. Zimmerman (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Metaphysics. Oxford: Clarendon Press, pp. 75-95.
Lowe, E. J. (2006), The Four-Category Ontology. A Metaphysical Foundation for Natural Science. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Lowe, E. J. (2009a), «Individuation». In: J. Kim, E. Sosa and G. Rosenkrantz (eds.), A Companion to Metaphysics. 2th. ed. Malden, MA & Oxford: WileyBlackwell, pp. 28-36.
Lowe, E. J. (2009b), More Kinds of Being: A Further Study of Individuation, Identity, and the Logic of Sortal Terms. Malden, MA & Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.
Lowe, E. J. (2011), «Ontological categories: why four are better than two». In: J. Cumpa and E. Tegtmeier (eds.), Ontological Categories. Frankfurt: Ontos Verlag, 2011, pp. 109-126.
Lowe, E. J. (2012a), «Two notions of being: entity and essence». In: R. Le Poidevin (ed.), Being: Developments in Contemporary Metaphysics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008, pp. 23-48.
Lowe, E. J. (2012b), «Essence and ontology». In: L. Novak, D. D. Novotny, P. Sousedik & D. Svoboda (eds.), Metaphysics: Aristotelian, Scholastic, Analytic. Frankfurt: Ontos Verlag, pp. 93-111.
Lowe, E. J. (2013), «Complex reality: unity, simplicity and complexity in a substance ontology». In: C. Svennerlind, J. Almäng and R. Ingthorsson (eds.), Johanssonian Investigations: Essays in Honour of Ingvar Johansson on his Seventieth Birthday. Frankfurt: Ontos Verlag, pp. 338-57.
Martin, C. B. (1980), «Substance Substantiated». Australasian Journal of Philosophy 58, pp. 3-10.
Martin, C. B. (1993), «The Need for Ontology: Some Choices». Philosophy 68, pp. 505-22.
Martin, C. B. (1994), «Dispositions and Conditionals», Philosophical Quarterly 44, pp. 1-8.
Martin, C. B. and Heil, J. (1999), «The Ontological Turn». Midwest Studies in Philosophy XXIII, pp. 34-60.
Mulligan, K., Simons, P. M. and Smith, B. (1984), «Truth-Makers». Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 44, pp. 287-321.
Neale, S. (1995), «The Philosophical Significance of Gödel´s Slingshot», Mind 104, pp. 761-825.
Simons, P. M. (1994), «Particulars in Particular Clothing: Three Trope Theories of Substance». Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 54, pp. 553-575.
Smith, B. (1997), «On Substances, Accidents and Universals: In Defence of a Constituent Ontology». Philosophical Papers 26, pp. 105-27.
Smith, B. (1999), «Truthmaker Realism». Australasian Journal of Philosophy 77, pp. 274-91.
Van Cleve, J. (1985), «Three Versions of the Bundle Theory». Philosophical Studies 47, pp. 95-107.
Wittgenstein, L. (1992), Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus. Trans. C. J. Ogden. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
Armstrong, D. M. (1983a), Universals: An Opinionated Introduction. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
Armstrong, D. M. (1983b), What is a Law of Nature? Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Armstrong, D. M. (1997), A World of States of Affairs. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Campbell, K. (1990), Abstract Particulars. Oxford: Blackwell, 1990.
Chisholm, R. M. (1992), «The Basic Ontological Categories». In: K. Mulligan (ed.), Language, Truth and Ontology. Dordrecht: Kluwer.
Chisholm, R. M. (1996), A Realistic Theory of Categories: An Essay in Ontology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Davidson, D. (1984), «True to the Facts». In: Inquiries into Truth and Interpretation. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Hoffman, J. and Rosenkrantz, G. S. (1994), Substance Among Other Categories. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Jackson, F. (1998), From Metaphysics to Ethics: A Defence of Conceptual Analysis. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Levinson, J. (1978), «Properties and Related Entities». Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 39, pp. 1-22.
Lowe, E. J. (1989), Kinds of Being: A Study of Individuation, Identity and the Logic of Sortal Terms. Oxford: Blackwell.
Lowe, E. J. (1998), The Possibility of Metaphysics: Substance, Identity, and Time. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Lowe, E. J. (2000), «Locke, Martin and Substance». Philosophical Quarterly 50, pp. 499-514.
Lowe, E. J. (2001), «Dispositions and Laws». Metaphysica 2, pp. 5-23.
Lowe, E. J. (2002a), «A Defence of the Four-Category Ontology». In: C. U. Moulines & K. G. Niebergall (eds.), Argument und Analyse. Paderborn: Mentis, pp. 225-40.
Lowe, E. J. (2002b), «Kinds, Essence, and Natural Necessity». In: A. Bottani, M. Carrara & P. Giaretta (eds.), Individuals, Essence and Identity: Themes of Analytic Metaphysics. Dordrecht: Kluwer, pp. 189-206.
Lowe, E. J. (2002c), «Metaphysical Nihilism and the Subtraction Argument». Analysis 62, pp. 62-73.
Lowe, E. J. (2002d), «Properties, Modes, and Universals», The Modern Schoolman 74, 137-150.
Lowe, E. J. (2002e), A Survey of Metaphysics. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Lowe, E. J. (2003), «Individuation». In: M. J. Loux and D. W. Zimmerman (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Metaphysics. Oxford: Clarendon Press, pp. 75-95.
Lowe, E. J. (2006), The Four-Category Ontology. A Metaphysical Foundation for Natural Science. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Lowe, E. J. (2009a), «Individuation». In: J. Kim, E. Sosa and G. Rosenkrantz (eds.), A Companion to Metaphysics. 2th. ed. Malden, MA & Oxford: WileyBlackwell, pp. 28-36.
Lowe, E. J. (2009b), More Kinds of Being: A Further Study of Individuation, Identity, and the Logic of Sortal Terms. Malden, MA & Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.
Lowe, E. J. (2011), «Ontological categories: why four are better than two». In: J. Cumpa and E. Tegtmeier (eds.), Ontological Categories. Frankfurt: Ontos Verlag, 2011, pp. 109-126.
Lowe, E. J. (2012a), «Two notions of being: entity and essence». In: R. Le Poidevin (ed.), Being: Developments in Contemporary Metaphysics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008, pp. 23-48.
Lowe, E. J. (2012b), «Essence and ontology». In: L. Novak, D. D. Novotny, P. Sousedik & D. Svoboda (eds.), Metaphysics: Aristotelian, Scholastic, Analytic. Frankfurt: Ontos Verlag, pp. 93-111.
Lowe, E. J. (2013), «Complex reality: unity, simplicity and complexity in a substance ontology». In: C. Svennerlind, J. Almäng and R. Ingthorsson (eds.), Johanssonian Investigations: Essays in Honour of Ingvar Johansson on his Seventieth Birthday. Frankfurt: Ontos Verlag, pp. 338-57.
Martin, C. B. (1980), «Substance Substantiated». Australasian Journal of Philosophy 58, pp. 3-10.
Martin, C. B. (1993), «The Need for Ontology: Some Choices». Philosophy 68, pp. 505-22.
Martin, C. B. (1994), «Dispositions and Conditionals», Philosophical Quarterly 44, pp. 1-8.
Martin, C. B. and Heil, J. (1999), «The Ontological Turn». Midwest Studies in Philosophy XXIII, pp. 34-60.
Mulligan, K., Simons, P. M. and Smith, B. (1984), «Truth-Makers». Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 44, pp. 287-321.
Neale, S. (1995), «The Philosophical Significance of Gödel´s Slingshot», Mind 104, pp. 761-825.
Simons, P. M. (1994), «Particulars in Particular Clothing: Three Trope Theories of Substance». Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 54, pp. 553-575.
Smith, B. (1997), «On Substances, Accidents and Universals: In Defence of a Constituent Ontology». Philosophical Papers 26, pp. 105-27.
Smith, B. (1999), «Truthmaker Realism». Australasian Journal of Philosophy 77, pp. 274-91.
Van Cleve, J. (1985), «Three Versions of the Bundle Theory». Philosophical Studies 47, pp. 95-107.
Wittgenstein, L. (1992), Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus. Trans. C. J. Ogden. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
Publicado
2014-12-19
Cómo citar
[1]
Lowe, E.J. 2014. Avances recientes en metafísica: categorías ontológicas y esquemas categoriales. Disputatio. 3, 4 (dic. 2014), 89-111.
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