Metodología histórica y pensamiento crítico como conceptos sinérgicos
Resumen
La era de la posverdad está plagada de numerosas teorías y narrativas pseudocientíficas arraigadas en varias disciplinas. La historia y el conocimiento histórico pertenecen a esta clase de disciplinas abusadas. El resultado de la investigación histórica en forma narrativa a menudo se considera como una descripción correcta del pasado real desde la cual podemos extraer conclusiones normativas sobre la sociedad contemporánea. Sin embargo, la pluralidad endémica de narrativas y teorías históricas presenta una oportunidad para la tergiversación intencionada. Este artículo tiene como objetivo esbozar una solución a esta amenazante situación con la ayuda de la filosofía contemporánea de la historiografía. Se argumenta que es necesario pasar de las narrativas al proceso de investigación histórica en sí. La historiografía ha desarrollado durante su existencia numerosas herramientas útiles a fin de protegerse contra varias falacias, sesgos cognitivos y metodologías pseudocientíficas. La situación de un historiador que se encuentra con fuentes contradictorias sobre la misma cuestión es sorprendentemente similar a la situación de una persona inquisitiva ante artículos pseudocientíficos y noticias falsas. El artículo destaca una fuerte sinergia entre los métodos desarrollados de historiografía científica y el pensamiento crítico, considerada como una posible solución para la situación actual. Deberíamos enseñar la historia como pensamiento crítico, no como historias.
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