Sobre la imaginación en Hume
Palabras clave:
Ficción, Creencia, Percepción, Memoria, Epistemología modal, Empiricismo, Disyuntivismo
Resumen
Este artículo revisa el pensamiento de Hume sobre la naturaleza y el papel del imaginar, poniendo el foco de atención casi exclusivamente en el primer libro de su Tratado de la naturaleza humana. A lo largo de este texto, Hume establece y discute tres distinciones importantes en nuestros episodios mentales conscientes (o lo que él llama «percepciones»): (i) entre impresiones (incluyendo experiencias perceptuales) e ideas (incluyendo recuerdos, imaginaciones y creencias ocurrentes); (ii) entre ideas de la memoria e ideas de la imaginación; y (iii) en cuanto las ideas de la imaginación, entre ideas del juicio (i.e. creencias ocurrentes) e ideas de la fantasía (i.e. imaginaciones). Yo discuto una a una cada una de estas ideas, también con relación a los puntos de vista contemporáneas sobre el imaginar. Toco además brevemente los puntos de vista de Hume sobre la imaginación como facultad dirigida a la generación de ideas, y sobre el papel que el imaginar tiene en un contexto más amplio de nuestras vidas mentales, notablemente en la obtención de conocimiento modal y en la comprensión de historias y opiniones que entendemos como falsas o ficticias.
Referencias
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Coventry, Angela Michelle (2006). Hume’s Theory of Causation: A Quasi–Realist Interpretation. London: Continuum.
Crane, Tim (2009). “Is Perception a Propositional Attitude?” The Philosophical Quarterly 59, no. 236: pp. 452–469. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9213.2008.608.x
Crowther, Thomas (2010). “The Agential Profile of Perceptual Experience”. Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 110: pp. 219–242. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9264.2010.00285.x
Dauer, Francis W. (1999). “Force and Vivacity in the Treatise and the Enquiry”. Hume studies 25, no. 1: pp. 83–99.
Descartes, René (1637/1641/1980). Discourse on Method and Meditations on First Philosophy. Indianapolis: Hackett Pub. Co.
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Garrett, Don (1997). Cognition and Commitment in Hume’s Philosophy. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Garrett, Don (2006). “Hume’s Naturalistic Theory of Representation”. Synthese 152, no. 3: pp. 301– 319. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-006-9007-2
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Govier, Trudy (1972). “Variations on Force and Vivacity in Hume”. The Philosophical Quarterly 22, no. 86: pp. 44–52. https://doi.org/10.2307/2218590
Grene, Marjorie (1994). “The Objects of Hume’s Treatise”. Hume Studies 20, no. 2: pp. 163–177.
Hopkins, Robert (1998). Picture, Image and Experience. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Hume, David (1739/2007). A Treatise of Human Nature: a Critical Edition. Ed. by David Fate Norton and Mary J Norton. The Clarendon edition of the works of David Hume. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Hume, David (1748/2007). An Enquiry concerning the Principles of Morals. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Hume, David (1757/2008). “Of the Standard of Taste”. In: Selected Essays. Ed. by Stephen Copley. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Husserl, Edmund (1901/1970). Logical Investigations. Vol. 2. London: Routledge.
Kail, Peter (2003). “Conceivability and Modality in Hume: A Lemma in an Argument in Defense of Skeptical Realism”. Hume Studies 29, no. 1: pp. 43–61.
Kant, Immanuel (1781/1999). Critique of Pure Reason. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Kölbel, Max and Dan Zeman, eds. (2012). Relativism about Value. The Southern Journal of Philosophy 50, no. 4, pp. 529–659.
Landy, David (2006). “Hume’s Impression/Idea Distinction”. Hume Studies 32, no. 1: pp. 119–139.
Laurence, Stephen and Eric Margolis (2012). “Abstraction and the Origin of General Ideas”. Philosophers’ Imprint 12, no. 19: pp. 1–22.
Lightner, D Tycerium (1997). “Hume on Conceivability and Inconceivability”. Hume Studies 23, no. 1: pp. 113–132.
Locke, John (1690/2008). An Essay concerning Human Understanding. Ed. by Pauline Phemister. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Loeb, Louis E. (2002). Stability and Justification in Hume’s Treatise. Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/0195146581.001.0001
MacFarlane, John (2014). Assessment Sensitivity: Relative Truth and its Applications. Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199682751.001.0001
Malebranche, Nicolas (1674/1997). The Search after Truth. Ed. by Thomas M. Lennon and Paul J. Olscamp. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. URL: http://www.loc.gov/catdir/description/cam027/96023819.html.
Martin, M. G. F. (2001). “Out of the Past: Episodic Recall as Retained Acquaintance”. In: Time and Memory. Ed. by Christoph Hoerl and Teresa McCormack. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 257–284.
Martin, M. G. F. (2002). “The Transparency of Experience”. Mind and Language 17, no. 4: pp. 376– 425. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0017.00205
Martin, M. G. F. (2006). “In Praise of Self: Hume’s Love of Fame”. European Journal of Analytic Philosophy 2, no. 1: pp. 69–100.
Marušić, Jennifer Smalligan (2010). “Does Hume Hold a Dispositional Account of Belief?” Canadian Journal of Philosophy 40, no. 2: pp. 155–183. https://doi.org/10.1353/cjp.2010.0001
Millican, Peter (1998). “Hume on Reason and Induction”. Hume Studies 24, no. 1: pp. 141– 159.
Moran, Richard (1994). “The Expression of Feeling in Imagination”. The Philosophical Review 103: pp. 75–106. https://doi.org/10.2307/2185873
Morris, William Edward and Charlotte Brown (2013). “David Hume”. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring Edition 2013). URL: http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2013/entries/hume/.
Munoz–Dardé, Véronique (2002). “Seminar on David Hume’s Treatise on Human Nature”. Unpublished Handout, University College London.
Nichols, Shaun (2006). The Architecture of the Imagination: New Essays on Pretence, Possibility, and Fiction. Oxford: Clarendon Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199275731.001.0001
O’Shaughnessy, Brian (2003). Consciousness and the World. Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/0199256721.001.0001
Owen, David (1999). Hume’s Reason. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Owens, David (2000). Reason Without Freedom: The Problem of Epistemic Normativity. London: Routledge.
Peacocke, Christopher (1985). “Imagination, Experience and Possibility”. In: Essays on Berkeley. Ed. by Howard Robinson and John Foster. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Powell, Lewis (2013). “How to Avoid Mis–Reiding Hume’s Maxim of Conceivability”. The Philosophical Quarterly 63, no. 250: pp. 105–119. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9213.2001
Prinz, Jesse (2002). Furnishing the Mind: Concepts and their Perceptual Basis. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press. https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/3169.001.0001
Railton, Peter (2003). Facts, Values, and Norms: Essays toward a Morality of Consequence. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511613982
Reid, Thomas (1785/2002). Essays on the Intellectual Powers of Man. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press.
Russow, Lilly–Marlene (1980). “Simple Ideas and Resemblance”. The Philosophical Quarterly 30, no. 121: pp. 342–350. https://doi.org/10.2307/2219527
Sartre, Jean P (1940/2004). The Imaginary: A Phenomenological Psychology of the Imagination. London: Routledge.
Schmitt, Frederick F. (2014). Hume’s Epistemology in the Treatise: A Veritistic Interpretation. Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199683116.001.0001
Strawson, Galen (1989). The Secret Connexion: Causation, Realism, and David Hume. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Stroud, Barry (1999). Hume. London: Routledge.
Traiger, Saul (2008). “Hume on Memory and Imagination”. In: A Companion to Hume. Ed. by Elizabeth S. Radcliffe. Oxford: Wiley–Blackwell, pp. 58–71. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470696583.ch3
Van Leeuwen, Neil (2014). “The Meanings of “Imagine” Part II: Attitude and Action”. Philosophy Compass 9, no. 11, pp. 791–802. https://doi.org/10.1111/phc3.12141
Walton, Kendall (1990). Mimesis as Make–Believe. Harvard: Harvard University Press.
Walton, Kendall (1994). “Morals in Fiction and Fictional Morality”. Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society. Supplementary Volumes 68: pp. 27–50. https://doi.org/10.1093/aristoteliansupp/68.1.27
Williams, Bernard (1973). “Deciding to Believe”. In: Problems of the Self: Philosophical Papers 1956–1972. Cambridge University Press, pp. 136–151. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511621253.011
Williams, Bernard (1980). “Internal and External Reasons”. In: Moral Luck. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 101–113.
Winkler, Kenneth (1999). “Hume’s Inductive Skepticism”. In: The Empiricists: Critical Essays on Locke, Berkeley, and Hume. Ed. by Margaret Atherton. Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield, pp. 183–212.
Woudenberg, Rene (2006). “Conceivability and Modal Knowledge”. Metaphilosophy 37, no. 2: pp. 210–221. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9973.2006.00425.x
Wright, John (2013). “The Understanding”. In: The Oxford Handbook of British Philosophy in the Eighteenth Century. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 149–170. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199549023.013.008
Yablo, Stephen (1993). “Is Conceivability a Guide to Possibility?” Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, pp. 1–42. https://doi.org/10.2307/2108052
Allison, Henry E (2008). Custom and Reason in Hume: a Kantian Reading of the First Book of the Treatise. Oxford: Clarendon Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199532889.001.0001
Berkeley, George (1710/2009). Principles of Human Knowledge and Three Dialogues. Ed. by Howard Robinson. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Broadie, Alexander (2009). A History of Scottish Philosophy. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
Budd, Malcolm (1991). Wittgenstein’s Philosophy of Psychology. London: Routledge. Burge, Tyler (2010). Origins of Objectivity. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Casullo, Albert (1979). “Reid and Mill on Hume’s Maxim of Conceivability”. Analysis 39, no. 4: pp. 212–219. https://doi.org/10.1093/analys/39.4.212
Cohon, Rachel and David Owen (1997). “Hume on Representation, Reason and Motivation”. Manuscrito 20: pp. 47–76.
Cottrell, Jonathan (2015). “David Hume: Imagination”. Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Ed. by James Fieser and Bradley Dowden. https://www.iep.utm.edu/hume-ima/.
Coventry, Angela Michelle (2006). Hume’s Theory of Causation: A Quasi–Realist Interpretation. London: Continuum.
Crane, Tim (2009). “Is Perception a Propositional Attitude?” The Philosophical Quarterly 59, no. 236: pp. 452–469. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9213.2008.608.x
Crowther, Thomas (2010). “The Agential Profile of Perceptual Experience”. Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 110: pp. 219–242. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9264.2010.00285.x
Dauer, Francis W. (1999). “Force and Vivacity in the Treatise and the Enquiry”. Hume studies 25, no. 1: pp. 83–99.
Descartes, René (1637/1641/1980). Discourse on Method and Meditations on First Philosophy. Indianapolis: Hackett Pub. Co.
Dorsch, Fabian (2009). “Judging and the Scope of Mental Agency”. In: Mental Actions. Ed. by Lucy O’Brien and Matthew Soteriou. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 38– 71. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199225989.003.0003
Dorsch, Fabian (2010). “Transparency and Imagining Seeing”. Philosophical Explorations 13, no. 3: pp. 173–200. https://doi.org/10.1080/13869795.2010.501901
Dorsch, Fabian (2012). The Unity of Imagining. Berlin: De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110325966
Dretske, Fred (1988). Explaining Behaviour. Cambridge (Mass.): MIT Press.
Evans, Gareth (1982). The Varieties of Reference. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Everson, Stephen (1988). “The Difference between Thinking and Feeling”. Mind 97: pp. 401–13. https://doi.org/10.1093/mind/XCVII.387.401
Furlong, E. J. (1961). “Imagination in Hume’s ‘Treatise’ and ‘Enquiry concerning the Human Understanding’”. Philosophy 36, no. 136: pp. 62–70. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031819100057831
Garrett, Don (1997). Cognition and Commitment in Hume’s Philosophy. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Garrett, Don (2006). “Hume’s Naturalistic Theory of Representation”. Synthese 152, no. 3: pp. 301– 319. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-006-9007-2
Garrett, Don (2008). “Hume’s Theory of Ideas”. In: A Companion to Hume. Ed. by Elizabeth S. Radcliffe. Oxford: Wiley–Blackwell, pp. 41–57. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470696583.ch2
Gendler, Tamar (2000). “The Puzzle of Imaginative Resistance”. The Journal of Philosophy 97, no. 2: pp. 55–81. https://doi.org/10.2307/2678446
Gendler, Tamar (2006). “Imaginative resistance revisited”. In: The Architecture of the Imagination: New Essays on Pretence, Possibility, and Fiction. Ed. by Shaun Nichols. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 149–174. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199275731.003.0009
Gendler, Tamar and John Hawthorne (2002). Conceivability and Possibility. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Gendler, Tamar and John Hawthorne (2006). “Introduction: Conceivability and Possibility”. In: Conceivability and Possibility. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Govier, Trudy (1972). “Variations on Force and Vivacity in Hume”. The Philosophical Quarterly 22, no. 86: pp. 44–52. https://doi.org/10.2307/2218590
Grene, Marjorie (1994). “The Objects of Hume’s Treatise”. Hume Studies 20, no. 2: pp. 163–177.
Hopkins, Robert (1998). Picture, Image and Experience. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Hume, David (1739/2007). A Treatise of Human Nature: a Critical Edition. Ed. by David Fate Norton and Mary J Norton. The Clarendon edition of the works of David Hume. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Hume, David (1748/2007). An Enquiry concerning the Principles of Morals. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Hume, David (1757/2008). “Of the Standard of Taste”. In: Selected Essays. Ed. by Stephen Copley. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Husserl, Edmund (1901/1970). Logical Investigations. Vol. 2. London: Routledge.
Kail, Peter (2003). “Conceivability and Modality in Hume: A Lemma in an Argument in Defense of Skeptical Realism”. Hume Studies 29, no. 1: pp. 43–61.
Kant, Immanuel (1781/1999). Critique of Pure Reason. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Kölbel, Max and Dan Zeman, eds. (2012). Relativism about Value. The Southern Journal of Philosophy 50, no. 4, pp. 529–659.
Landy, David (2006). “Hume’s Impression/Idea Distinction”. Hume Studies 32, no. 1: pp. 119–139.
Laurence, Stephen and Eric Margolis (2012). “Abstraction and the Origin of General Ideas”. Philosophers’ Imprint 12, no. 19: pp. 1–22.
Lightner, D Tycerium (1997). “Hume on Conceivability and Inconceivability”. Hume Studies 23, no. 1: pp. 113–132.
Locke, John (1690/2008). An Essay concerning Human Understanding. Ed. by Pauline Phemister. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Loeb, Louis E. (2002). Stability and Justification in Hume’s Treatise. Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/0195146581.001.0001
MacFarlane, John (2014). Assessment Sensitivity: Relative Truth and its Applications. Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199682751.001.0001
Malebranche, Nicolas (1674/1997). The Search after Truth. Ed. by Thomas M. Lennon and Paul J. Olscamp. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. URL: http://www.loc.gov/catdir/description/cam027/96023819.html.
Martin, M. G. F. (2001). “Out of the Past: Episodic Recall as Retained Acquaintance”. In: Time and Memory. Ed. by Christoph Hoerl and Teresa McCormack. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 257–284.
Martin, M. G. F. (2002). “The Transparency of Experience”. Mind and Language 17, no. 4: pp. 376– 425. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0017.00205
Martin, M. G. F. (2006). “In Praise of Self: Hume’s Love of Fame”. European Journal of Analytic Philosophy 2, no. 1: pp. 69–100.
Marušić, Jennifer Smalligan (2010). “Does Hume Hold a Dispositional Account of Belief?” Canadian Journal of Philosophy 40, no. 2: pp. 155–183. https://doi.org/10.1353/cjp.2010.0001
Millican, Peter (1998). “Hume on Reason and Induction”. Hume Studies 24, no. 1: pp. 141– 159.
Moran, Richard (1994). “The Expression of Feeling in Imagination”. The Philosophical Review 103: pp. 75–106. https://doi.org/10.2307/2185873
Morris, William Edward and Charlotte Brown (2013). “David Hume”. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring Edition 2013). URL: http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2013/entries/hume/.
Munoz–Dardé, Véronique (2002). “Seminar on David Hume’s Treatise on Human Nature”. Unpublished Handout, University College London.
Nichols, Shaun (2006). The Architecture of the Imagination: New Essays on Pretence, Possibility, and Fiction. Oxford: Clarendon Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199275731.001.0001
O’Shaughnessy, Brian (2003). Consciousness and the World. Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/0199256721.001.0001
Owen, David (1999). Hume’s Reason. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Owens, David (2000). Reason Without Freedom: The Problem of Epistemic Normativity. London: Routledge.
Peacocke, Christopher (1985). “Imagination, Experience and Possibility”. In: Essays on Berkeley. Ed. by Howard Robinson and John Foster. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Powell, Lewis (2013). “How to Avoid Mis–Reiding Hume’s Maxim of Conceivability”. The Philosophical Quarterly 63, no. 250: pp. 105–119. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9213.2001
Prinz, Jesse (2002). Furnishing the Mind: Concepts and their Perceptual Basis. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press. https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/3169.001.0001
Railton, Peter (2003). Facts, Values, and Norms: Essays toward a Morality of Consequence. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511613982
Reid, Thomas (1785/2002). Essays on the Intellectual Powers of Man. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press.
Russow, Lilly–Marlene (1980). “Simple Ideas and Resemblance”. The Philosophical Quarterly 30, no. 121: pp. 342–350. https://doi.org/10.2307/2219527
Sartre, Jean P (1940/2004). The Imaginary: A Phenomenological Psychology of the Imagination. London: Routledge.
Schmitt, Frederick F. (2014). Hume’s Epistemology in the Treatise: A Veritistic Interpretation. Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199683116.001.0001
Strawson, Galen (1989). The Secret Connexion: Causation, Realism, and David Hume. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Stroud, Barry (1999). Hume. London: Routledge.
Traiger, Saul (2008). “Hume on Memory and Imagination”. In: A Companion to Hume. Ed. by Elizabeth S. Radcliffe. Oxford: Wiley–Blackwell, pp. 58–71. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470696583.ch3
Van Leeuwen, Neil (2014). “The Meanings of “Imagine” Part II: Attitude and Action”. Philosophy Compass 9, no. 11, pp. 791–802. https://doi.org/10.1111/phc3.12141
Walton, Kendall (1990). Mimesis as Make–Believe. Harvard: Harvard University Press.
Walton, Kendall (1994). “Morals in Fiction and Fictional Morality”. Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society. Supplementary Volumes 68: pp. 27–50. https://doi.org/10.1093/aristoteliansupp/68.1.27
Williams, Bernard (1973). “Deciding to Believe”. In: Problems of the Self: Philosophical Papers 1956–1972. Cambridge University Press, pp. 136–151. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511621253.011
Williams, Bernard (1980). “Internal and External Reasons”. In: Moral Luck. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 101–113.
Winkler, Kenneth (1999). “Hume’s Inductive Skepticism”. In: The Empiricists: Critical Essays on Locke, Berkeley, and Hume. Ed. by Margaret Atherton. Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield, pp. 183–212.
Woudenberg, Rene (2006). “Conceivability and Modal Knowledge”. Metaphilosophy 37, no. 2: pp. 210–221. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9973.2006.00425.x
Wright, John (2013). “The Understanding”. In: The Oxford Handbook of British Philosophy in the Eighteenth Century. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 149–170. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199549023.013.008
Yablo, Stephen (1993). “Is Conceivability a Guide to Possibility?” Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, pp. 1–42. https://doi.org/10.2307/2108052
Publicado
2018-12-31
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Dorsch, F. 2018. Sobre la imaginación en Hume. Disputatio. 7, 8 (dic. 2018), a008. DOI:https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2551858.
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