El surgimiento de la posverdad: sus orígenes y contextos
Resumen
A menudo encontramos el término “posverdad” en contextos muy diversos. Este artículo compara los enfoques existentes, revisa las fuentes de esta noción en diferentes dominios (científico, político, económico y académico), identificando su núcleo conceptual. El punto de partida es el análisis de la reciente transformación de la relación entre los hechos científicos y la esfera política, así como el cambio de rol de los expertos en relación a la sociedad. La siguiente sección se centra en el papel de las redes sociales en el surgimiento de la sociedad de la posverdad y en algunos fenómenos relevantes que le son constitutivos en el ámbito de la información. Posteriormente, identifico otras fuentes de posverdad en la esfera económica, relacionadas con la globalización, y también en la filosofía posmoderna.
Referencias
Agin, Dan. 2006. Junk Science — How Politicians, Corporations, and Other Hucksters Betray Us. New York: St. Martin’s Press.
Bacon, Francis. 2000. The New Organon. Edited by Lisa Jardine and Michael Silverthorne. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Bartholemew, James. 2015. “The Awful Rise of ‘Virtue Signalling.’” Spectator, April 18, 2015. https://www.spectator.co.uk/2015/04/hating-the-daily-mail-is-a-substitute-for-doing-good/.
Baudrillard, Jean. 1991. La Guerre Du Golfe n’a Pas Eu Lieu. Paris: Galilée.
Baudrillard, Jean. 1995. The Gulf War Did Not Take Place. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Davies, William. 2016. “The Age of Post-Truth Politics.” The New York Times, August 24, 2016. https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/24/opinion/campaign-stops/the-age-of-post-truth-politics.html.
Douglas, Heather E. 2009. Science, Policy and the Value-Free Ideal. Pittsburg: University of Pittsburg Press.
Ferraris, Maurizio. 2014. Introduction to New Realism. London – New York: Bloomsbury Academic Publishing.
Fish, Will. 2016. “Post-Truth Politics and Illusory Democracy.” Psychotherapy and Politics International 14 (3): 211–213.
Frankfurt, Harry F. 1988. The Importance of What We Care About: Philosophical Essays. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Frankfurt, Harry F. 2005. On Bullshit. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Garland, David. 2008. “On the Concept of Moral Panic.” Crime, Media, Culture 4 (1): 9–30. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741659007087270.
Geddes, Mike. 2005. “Neoliberalism and Local Governance–Cross-National Perspectives and Speculations.” Policy Studies 26 (3–4): 359–77. https://doi.org/10.1080/01442870500198429.
Goertzel, Ted. 1994. “Belief in Conspiracy Theories.” Political Psychology 15 (4): 731–42. https://doi.org/10.2307/3791630.
Halberstam, David. 2000. The Powers That Be. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
Head, Brian. 2010. “Evidence-Based Policy: Principles and Requirements.” In Strengthening Evidence-Based Policy in the Australian Federation, 13–26. Melbourne, Australia: Productivity Commission.
Hobbs, Julia. 2017. “What Is Virtue Signalling? And Should We Feel Bad About Doing It?” Vogue, February 1, 2017.
Huber, Peter W. 1993. Galileo’s Revenge: Junk Science in the Courtroom. New York: Basic Books.
Javid, Hassan. 2018. “Post-Truth Politics.” The Nation, October 14, 2018. https://nation.com.pk/14-Oct-2018/post-truth-politics.
Kalpokas, Ignas. 2018. A Political Theory of Post-Truth. Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Pivot / Springer.
Kalton, Graham, and Howard Schuman. 1982. “The Effect of the Question on Survey Responses: A Review.” Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A (General) 145 (1): 42–73. https://doi.org/10.2307/2981421.
Keyes, Ralph. 2004. The Post-Truth Era: Dishonesty and Deception in Contemporary Life. New York: St. Martin’s Press.
Kwak, Haewoon, Changhyun Lee, Hosung Park, and Sue Moon. 2010. “What Is Twitter, a Social Network or a News Media?” In Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on World Wide Web, 591–600. Raleigh, North Carolina, USA: ACM.
Lockie, Stewart. 2017. “Post-Truth Politics and the Social Sciences.” Environmental Sociology 3 (1): 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1080/23251042.2016.1273444.
Lynch, Michael P. 2004. True to Life: Why Truth Matters. Cambridge: MIT Press.
Mair, Jonathan. 2017. “Post-Truth Anthropology.” Anthropology Today 33 (3): 3–4. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8322.12346.
McCright, Aaron M., Sandra T. Marquart-Pyatt, Rachael Shwom, Steven Brechin, and Summer Allen. 2016. “Ideology, Capitalism, and Climate.” Explaining Public Views about Climate Change in the United States 21 (November): 180–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2016.08.003.
McIntyre, Lee. 2018. Post-Truth. Cambridge: MIT Press.
Mill, John Stuart. 1989. “On Liberty” and Other Writings. Edited by Stefan Collini. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Nickerson, Raymond S. 1998. “Confirmation Bias: A Ubiquitous Phenomenon in Many Guises.” Review of General Psychology 2 (2): 175–220. https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.2.2.175.
Nikolov, Dimitar, Diego F.M. Oliveira, Alessandro Flammini, and Filippo Menczer. 2015. “Measuring Online Social Bubbles.” PeerJ Computer Science 1 (e38). https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.38.
Papazoglou, Alexis. 2016. “The Post-Truth Era of Trump Is Just What Nietzsche Predicted.” The Conversation, December. http://theconversation.com/the-post-truth-era-of-trump-is-just-what-nietzsche-predicted-69093.
Peters, Michael A., Sharon Rider, Mats Hyvönen, and Tina Besley, eds. 2018. Post-Truth, Fake News. Singapore: Springer Singapore.
Pomerantsev, Peter. 2016. “Why We’re Post-Fact.” Granta, July 20, 2016. https://granta.com/why-were-post-fact/.
Sears, Robin V. 2017. “Debate Needed on Free Speech Limits in Digital Era.” The Star, September. https://www.thestar.com/opinion/commentary/2017/09/02/debate-needed-on-free-speech-limits-in-digital-era.html.
Shuham, Matt. 2016. “Trump Surrogate’s Jaw-Dropping Claim: ‘No Such Thing’ As Facts Anymore.” Talking Point Memo, December 2, 2016. https://talkingpointsmemo.com/livewire/scottie-nell-hughes-there-are-no-more-facts.
Špecián, Petr. 2017. “Economic Analysis of a Referendum.” Politická Ekonomie 65 (4): 460–75. https://doi.org/10.18267/j.polek.1155.
Špecián, Petr. 2019. “The Precarious Case of the True Preferences.” SOCIETY 56 (3): 267–72. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12115-019-00363-8.
Stenmark, Mikael, Steve Fuller, and Ulf Zackariasson, eds. 2018. Relativism and Post-Truth in Contemporary Society. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan.
Derechos de autor 2020 Disputatio. Philosophical Research Bulletin
Esta obra está bajo licencia internacional Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-SinObrasDerivadas 4.0.
