Pseudoscience: Objective or Subjective?

Michael Ruse

doi:10.5281/zenodo.3567210

Michael Ruse Florida State University, Estados Unidos

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3567210

Palabras clave: Pseudociencia, Falsabilidad, Evolución, Velikovsky, Gaia

Resumen

¿Qué es la pseudociencia y cuándo surgen generalmente las acusaciones de pensamiento pseudocientífico? Contesto estas preguntas analizando seis ejemplos en los cuales ha surgido tal acusación: el movimiento antivacunas, que afirma que la vacunación causa enfermedades, el creacionismo, la afirmación de que la Biblia es literalmente verdadera, la quiropraxia y afirmaciones similares sobre curar el cáncer, evolución predarwiniana, es decir, hipótesis evolucionistas anteriores a El Origen de las especies (1859), Immanuel Velikovsky y su libro Mundos en colisión, y la hipótesis de Gaia, que afirma que la Tierra es un organismo. Asumo que hay un fundamento objetivo para la pseudociencia y utilizo el testimonio del autor en un caso judicial en Arkansas en 1981, argumentando que el creacionismo no es una ciencia genuina, para respaldar dicha afirmación. El criterio de demarcación de Karl Popper, que invoca la falsabilidad, es una noción clave aquí. Sin embargo, argumento que las acusaciones de pseudociencia ocurren con mayor frecuencia cuando los profesionales convencionales están bajo amenaza. Por lo tanto, estas acusaciones se emplean para atacar posiciones no convencionales. Presento varios ejemplos para apoyar esta conclusión.

Biografía del autor/a

Michael Ruse, Florida State University, Estados Unidos

MICHAEL RUSE is the Lucyle T. Werkmeister Professor of Philosophy at Florida State University and Professor Emeritus at the University of Guelph, in Canada. A historian and philosopher of science, author or editor of over sixty books, Ruse’s main interest is in Charles Darwin and the revolution associated with his name, with a particular focus on the relationship between science and religion. He dealt extensively with the notion of pseudo-science in his The Gaia Hypothesis: Science on a Pagan Planet (2013).

Referencias

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Pseudociencia: ¿objetiva o subjetiva?

Resumen

Biografía del autor/a

Referencias

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